Section 201, 337 & Other Trade Actions

Understand how U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) enforces exclusion orders issued by the ITC, preventing the importation of articles covered by those orders, which can include intellectual property infringements and other unfair acts.

An ITC Cease and Desist Order directs named parties to halt specified unfair acts involving imported goods within the U.S., such as domestic sales. The ITC enforces these orders through civil penalties, distinct from border exclusion orders.

Understand the Certification of Non-Infringement, a critical document for importers to avoid exclusion orders under Section 337 investigations by proving products do not violate IP rights.

Learn about the Developing Country Exemption under U.S. safeguard actions, protecting certain emerging economies from import duties if their trade share is minimal.

Learn about the Domestic Industry Requirement under Section 337 of the Tariff Act, a critical threshold for bringing intellectual property infringement cases at the ITC. Understand its legal basis and practical application.

A General Exclusion Order (GEO) is an import ban issued by the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) against all infringing articles, regardless of the producer.

Learn the critical difference between global safeguard measures, like Section 201 tariffs, and country-specific exclusions, impacting duty rates and import strategies.

Learn about the ITC Injury Determination (Safeguard) under Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974, assessing harm to domestic industries from import surges.

A Limited Exclusion Order (LEO) is an ITC remedy under Section 337, prohibiting imports of specific infringing products from named entities to the U.S.

Understand the Market Disruption Standard, a key criterion for Section 201 safeguard investigations by the USITC to protect domestic industries from import surges. Learn its impact on U.S. trade.

Learn how the U.S. President acts on ITC recommendations for safeguard measures under Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974, impacting import duties and quotas.

A provisional safeguard measure is a temporary import restriction or duty imposed by the U.S. President to prevent serious injury from surging imports while a formal Section 201 investigation is ongoing.

Understand Redesign Determinations under Section 337, how the ITC assesses product changes for continued compliance with exclusion orders, and CBP's role in enforcement.

Understand the legal limits and gradual reduction mechanisms for U.S. safeguard measures under Section 201. Learn about their temporary nature and phase-out requirements.

A Safeguard Extension Petition is a request by domestic industries to the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) to extend an existing Section 201 safeguard measure, such as tariffs or quotas, beyond its initial term to provide continued relief from import surges causing serious injury.

A Safeguard Mid-Term Review assesses the ongoing necessity and impact of Section 201 safeguard measures. Learn how these reviews by the USITC and USTR can adjust tariffs or quotas, affecting import costs and market dynamics for U.S. businesses.

Understand Section 122 Balance-of-Payments Tariff Authority, granting the President power to impose tariffs or restrictions to address severe balance-of-payments issues under the Trade Act of 1974.

Learn about Section 201 safeguard investigations, initiated by the USITC under the Trade Act of 1974 to determine if increased imports harm domestic industries. Understand their impact on trade.

Understand Section 337 Advisory Opinions from the ITC, providing non-binding guidance on compliance with exclusion or cease-and-desist orders. Learn its role in trade.

Learn about Section 337 bonds during the Presidential review period for ITC exclusion orders, their purpose, calculation, and implications for importers.

A Section 337 Consent Order is an ITC-approved settlement to resolve unfair import practices investigations, avoiding formal findings while imposing import restrictions or other remedies.

Understand the Section 337 import detention process, triggered by intellectual property violations, and how ITC exclusion orders impact goods entering the U.S.

Explore Section 337 Investigations by the U.S. ITC, a powerful tool against unfair import practices, primarily intellectual property infringement. Learn its impact on U.S. trade.

Learn about Section 337 modification proceedings at the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), where import exclusion or cease-and-desist orders are adjusted post-issuance due to changed circumstances. Understand the process and its implications for U.S. importers and customs brokers.

A Section 337 Temporary Exclusion Order (TEO) is issued by the ITC to prevent the importation of goods infringing intellectual property rights during an ongoing investigation.

Understand the Section 201 "serious injury" standard, which triggers safeguard measures under the Trade Act of 1974 to protect domestic industries from import surges.

Learn about Tariff-Rate Quota Safeguard Remedies, a temporary measure under Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974 to protect U.S. industries from import surges.

Understand the Unfair Import Practices Standard under Section 337, governing investigations into intellectual property infringements and other unfair trade practices by the ITC.

Understand WTO Safeguards Agreement compliance in U.S. trade law. Learn about Section 201 investigations, temporary import restrictions, and their impact on HTSUS classification and duties.