Trade Remedies

Antidumping duty is imposed on goods sold in the U.S. below fair market value. Administered by Commerce and collected by CBP, ADD applicability is determined by HTS code and country of origin.

Chapter 99 of the HTSUS contains temporary duty provisions. All trade remedy tariffs — Section 301, 232, and IEEPA — apply through Chapter 99 codes that stack on top of the base HTS classification.

Countervailing duty offsets foreign government subsidies on imported goods. Like ADD, CVD is administered by Commerce, collected by CBP, and determined by HTS code and country of origin.

Country of origin is the country where a good was produced or last substantially transformed. It determines duty column, Section 301 applicability, marking requirements, and FTA preference eligibility.

IEEPA tariffs are duties imposed by presidential authority under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. Used for broad tariff actions including universal baseline tariffs and country-specific reciprocal schedules.

Section 232 tariffs are national-security-based duties on steel (25%) and aluminum (10%) imports under the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, with country-specific exemptions and Commerce-administered product exclusions.

Section 301 tariffs are additional duties on Chinese-origin goods under the Trade Act of 1974. Applied via Chapter 99 overlays, rates range from 7.5% to 100%+ on top of standard MFN rates.

A trade remedy is a government measure to protect domestic industries from unfair or injurious imports. U.S. types include antidumping, countervailing duty, safeguard (Section 201), Section 301, Section 232, and IEEPA tariffs.

A USTR exclusion is a time-limited, product-specific exemption from Section 301 tariffs. Exclusions are identified by specific HTS codes or product descriptions and must be renewed when they expire.